PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian				Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian						3
		Zanclean				Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian						13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian				Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan						93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
						Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan						100.5
						Urutawan						103.3
					Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian				Korangan						113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
		Asselian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
									Stephanian B		300.9 *
									Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian		307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
									Westphalian C		309.8
									Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B		315.2
									Westphalian A		317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean						Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian						Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian						Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian	489.5
		Paibian	Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian		499
		Drumian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			509
												510.8 *