PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras																				168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense																				168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta																				174.7
			Planulata																				179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi																		179.8 *
			Kanense																				181.3 *
			Carlottense																				182.3 *
			Kunae																				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae																				184.2
			Freboldi																				185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras																			186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras																			189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis																			190.3 *
		Sinemurian																					192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras																		196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites																				196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein																Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes																	259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Pirgu	Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian			Vormsi				449.7 *
										Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
										Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
										Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								Keila				Idavere †	453
										Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
										Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse								456.4 *
												Aurelucian						456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
										Uhaku				Aluoja †				457.5 *
									Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
							Dobrotivian											458.5 *
				Lasnamagi			Dobrotivian			458.9 *
				Lasnamagi			Oretanian			459.7 *
			Aseri	460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
					Sarka †					461.7 *
			Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †									467.3
							Arenigian							468
				Arenig							Fennian			468.4 *
								Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Hunneberg			Whitlandian			473.7 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian			Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
						Cressagian					480.8 *
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
											Mansian †			483.55 *
											Mansian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian			Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
											Aksaian							490.7 *
											Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan									Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Amgan/Solvan									509
											Toyonian			Lenian †						510 *
											Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian									514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian									521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian									Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †						529
																							538.8