PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Serravallian																			11.63
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras																		168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense																		168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta																		174.7
			Planulata																		179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi																179.8 *
			Kanense																		181.3 *
			Carlottense																		182.3 *
			Kunae																		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae																		184.2
			Freboldi																		185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras																	186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras																	189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis																	190.3 *
		Sinemurian																			192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras																196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites																		196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
													Cheneyan		451.5 *
													Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Aurelucian									456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
			Liben †									458 *	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn							Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		458.4
										Dobrotivian			458.5 *
										Oretanian			459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		461.3 *
			Sarka †												461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †												467.3
										Arenigian					468
				Arenig							Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian				470
											Whitlandian				471.1 *
											Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
										Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †									497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian											509
		Stage 3				Branchian											514
		Stage 3				Placentian											517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																					538.8