PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
			Middle Albian							106.2 *
			Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian	Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3					119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian							139.8
			Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
			Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5					149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian							174.7
			Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
			Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Sevatian							208.5
			Alaunian							213.2 *
			Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian		Triassic 3					227
		Carnian	Julian		Triassic 3			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian		Triassic 2			237
		Ladinian	Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian					242
			Pelsonian					243.8 *
			Bithynian					244.7 *
			Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		Triassic 1			247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian					251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
										538.8