PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian				Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian					3
		Zanclean						Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian					13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian					23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
								Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Arowhanan					93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
								Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian					Motuan					100.5
			Late Albian					Urutawan					103.3
			Middle Albian					Urutawan					106.2 *
			Middle Albian				Taitai	Korangan					108.4
			Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian										113
			Late Aptian										117.5
			Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian	139.8
			Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
			Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Late Bajocian				Humphresianum		168.4
			Early Bajocian				Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
			Late Toarcian						180.1
			Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
			Middle Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
			Early Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian	Sevatian						208.5
			Alaunian						213.2 *
			Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian						237
		Ladinian	Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian						242
			Pelsonian						243.8 *
			Bithynian						244.7 *
			Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian						251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
		Asselian								Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian									Cantabrian	307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						315.2			Westphalian B
								Westphalian A			317 *
								Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian					324 *
					Pendleian					327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian			Brigantian †		330.9
					Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian		499
		Drumian			Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		Stage 5 †		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian				509
													510.8 *