PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian						11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
						Hemingfordian						16.3
						Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
						Whitneyan						29.5
						Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian						47.8
						Wasatchian						50.5
						Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian				Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian					66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic					100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
				Filipovian				276.5 *
				Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Irginian				285.9 *
				Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian			410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian		489.5
		Paibian					Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan		Series 3 †	497
							Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
							Boomerangian				499
		Drumian					Undillan				500.5
		Drumian					Floran				503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian		Stage 5 †				504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian		Stage 5 †				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian		Branchian				509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
		Stage 3					Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8