International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126165 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Ten Million Year Bins | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Devonian of Germany | Central Paratethys Stages | Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | Sarmatian | 11.63 | |||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | Lancian/Edmontonian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | Judithian/Aquilan | 72.1 | |||||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | ||||||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | ||||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | ||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | |||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | |||||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | ||||||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||||
305.9 | ||||||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | |||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | ||||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | ||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden | 358.9 | |||||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | Adorf | 372.2 | |||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||||
Eifelian | Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | Siegen | 407.6 | |||||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | ||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | ||||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | |||||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | ||||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | ||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | |||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Series 3 † | 497 | ||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | |||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | ||||||||||||
538.8 |