PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean					Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan						3.6
				Montehermosan						3.7 *
				Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
				Chasicoan						7.9 *
				Mayoan						9.9 *
				Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian		Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian		Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian						15.98
				Santacrucian						16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
		Rupelian								27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican						56
				Itaboraian						56.9 *
				Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Filipovian		276.5 *
						Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian					509
		Stage 3		Branchian					514
		Stage 3		Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
										538.8