PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Serravallian																			11.63
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein																	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes																		259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																			298.9
		Kasimovian																			303.7
		Moscovian																			307
		Bashkirian																			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																			323.2
		Visean																			330.9
		Tournaisian																			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Pirgu	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Berounian			Vormsi				449.7 *
							Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
							Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
							Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
							Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
							Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse								456.4 *
									Aurelucian						456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
							Uhaku				Aluoja †				457.5 *
						Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
				Dobrotivian											458.5 *
				Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi								458.9 *
				Oretanian			Lasnamagi								459.7 *
							Aseri								460.4 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
						Sarka †									461.7 *
					Oeland		Kunda								462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
							Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †										467.3
				Arenigian												468
								Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
							Billingen									469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
											Latorp †					470.1 *
									Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Hunneberg		Whitlandian							473.7 *
									Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
			Cressagian						480.8 *
							Varangu		481.3 *
							Pakerort		482.2 *
									Mansian †							483.55 *
									Mansian †							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
											Aksaian							490.7 *
											Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan									Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Amgan/Solvan									509
											Toyonian					Lenian †				510 *
											Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian									514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian									521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian									Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †				529
																					538.8