PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian of the Baltic	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian			Pannonian	Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian			Sarmatian	Middle Miocene					11.63
				Serravallian			Badenian						12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene	MP 16				37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
				Induan									251.2
				Induan	Kathwai								251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai								251.902
													252.4 *
					Chhidru								252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru							Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh								255 *
					Wargal								256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
					265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Artinskian	283.5
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
				Kasimovian	303.7
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian	407.6
				Lochkovian	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
			Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
				Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
				Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
				Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
				Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
				Telychian	Adavere	434 *
				Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
				Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
				Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
				Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
				Katian		445.2
				Sandbian		453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian		470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
				Jiangshanian		489.5
				Paibian		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
				Drumian			500.5
				Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4				509
			Series 2	Stage 3				514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						538.8
			Cryogenian						635
			Tonian						720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						1000
			Ectasian						1200
			Calymmian						1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian						1600
			Orosirian						1800
			Rhyacian						2050
			Siderian						2300
	Archean	Neoarchean							2500
		Mesoarchean							2800
		Paleoarchean							3200
Eoarchean		3600
Hadean		4000
													4600