PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
				Bajocian					Humphresianum						168.4
				Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
				Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
				Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
				Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan	Kathwai										251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai					Buntsandstein					251.902
															252.4 *
					Chhidru										252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru									Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh										255 *
					Wargal										256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller					259.51
				Wordian						Leine					264.28
															265.3 *
					Amb										266.1 *
				Roadian	Amb										266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian			305.9
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				509
	Stage 3		514				Branchian
	Stage 3		Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635