PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian				Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian					3
		Zanclean									Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian					13.82
											Clifdenian					15.1
										Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian					23.03
											Duntroonian					25.2
											Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
										Arnold	Runangan					34.6
											Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian					41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
											Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan					47.8
											Mangaorapan					48.9
											Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian					56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
											Mangaotanean					90.5
											Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan					93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
											Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan					100.5
											Urutawan					103.3
										Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian									Korangan					113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian			Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
					Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
					Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian						307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
					Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
					Kinderhookian	Ivorian		351.9 *
					Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Longvillian †				Aurelucian	456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian						470
				Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian	485.4
											Payntonian	486.8 *
											Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										Boomerangian		499
		Drumian										Undillan		500.5
		Drumian										Floran		503
		Wuliuan								Topazan		Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
										Delamaran		Templetonian			506.5
												Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †	Ordian			509
															510.8 *
										Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran					514
										Montezuman					514.8 *
										Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8