PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras																			168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense																			168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta																			174.7
				Planulata																			179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi																	179.8 *
				Kanense																			181.3 *
				Carlottense																			182.3 *
				Kunae																			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae																			184.2
				Freboldi																			185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras																		186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras																		189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis																		190.3 *
		Sinemurian																					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras																	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites																			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein															Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes																259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian				283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Pirgu	Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Berounian			Vormsi				449.7 *
											Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
											Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
											Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila				Idavere †	453
											Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
											Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
														Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †			455.2 *
																	Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse								456.4 *
													Aurelucian						456.8 *
														Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
											Uhaku				Aluoja †				457.5 *
										Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
								Dobrotivian											458.5 *
					Lasnamagi			Dobrotivian			458.9 *
					Lasnamagi			Oretanian			459.7 *
				Aseri	460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
				Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †									467.3
								Arenigian							468
					Arenig							Fennian			468.4 *
									Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
												Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Hunneberg			Whitlandian			473.7 *
												Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian			Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
			Cressagian									480.8 *
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												Mansian †			483.55 *
												Mansian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian			Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
												Aksaian							490.7 *
												Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian																	494
		Paibian																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan					Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan													509
							Toyonian								Lenian †					510 *
							Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian													514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian													521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian								Manykaian †					529
																							538.8