PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Britain		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum							168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons								180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller						259.51
		Wordian							Leine						264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian										Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian													305.9
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids				Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai	Branchian						509
		Stage 3					Branchian						514
		Stage 3					Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
															538.8