PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian						66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic						100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian					Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian							251.902
				Changhsingian				Baoqingian							253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian						Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Laibinian						Longtanian †	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan							259.51
				Wordian				Kuhfengian							264.28
				Roadian				Kuhfengian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian							273.01
				Artinskian				Luodianian							283.5
				Artinskian				Longlinian							285.4 *
				Sakmarian				Longlinian							290.1
				Asselian				Zisongian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian				Mapingian †			298.9
				Gzhelian											300.1
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Kasimovian											305.9
				Moscovian											307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		497
			Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				509
			Stage 3				Branchian				514
			Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Fortunian	Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian									Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
															1400