PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian		7.246
		Serravallian											Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian											Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian												Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian												Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian												Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian												Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian												Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian												Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian												Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian												Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian												Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian												Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian												Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian												Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian												Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian												Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian												Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian												Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian												Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian												Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian												Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian												Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian												Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian												Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Devonian 3			382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		Devonian 2			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		Devonian 2			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare					Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			Silurian 1		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill		Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4		453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian				470
							Whitlandian	471.1 *
							Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian	Ordovician 1		477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1								529
															538.8