PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean		Late Pliocene			Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean			Yushean		Early Pliocene					3.6
				Zanclean			Baodean		Early Pliocene					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian			Tunggurian							11.1
				Serravallian			Tunggurian		Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian			Shanwangian		Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian			Shanwangian		Early Miocene					15.98
				Burdigalian			Xiejiaan							16.9
				Aquitanian			Xiejiaan							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene	MP 16				37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein					Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian				Leine						264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian			425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian	Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Telychian			436.3 *
			Aeronian			438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean										4000
														4600