PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian											100.5
					Middle Albian											106.2 *
					Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian											113
		Aptian			Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian											139.8
					Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
					Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian											168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian											168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian											174.7
					Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
					Early Toarcian											182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian			Sevatian											208.5
					Alaunian											213.2 *
					Lacian											216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian											227
		Carnian			Julian											233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian											237
		Ladinian			Fassanian											239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian											242
					Pelsonian											243.8 *
					Bithynian											244.7 *
					Aegean											245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian											247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian		Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian			Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian			323.2
		Visean			Chesterian			330.9
					Meramecian			335.8 *
					Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean			346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470						Fennian
			Whitlandian						471.1 *
			Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian						Paibian				494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	Guzhangian					498.4
		Drumian						Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian	Branchian						509
		Stage 3					Nangaoian	Branchian						514
		Stage 3					Nangaoian	Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian							530.7
																538.8