PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
							Hemingfordian				16.3
							Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
				Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			27.82
							Whitneyan				29.5
							Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean	MP 16			37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan	MP 16			39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
							Wasatchian				50.5
							Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian	MP 6			56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian			Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		Paibian		494
			Paibian		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian	Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
											4600