PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian											100.5
				Middle Albian											106.2 *
				Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian											113
		Aptian		Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian											139.8
				Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
				Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian											168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian											168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian											174.7
				Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
				Early Toarcian											182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian		Sevatian											208.5
				Alaunian											213.2 *
				Lacian											216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian											227
		Carnian		Julian											233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian											237
		Ladinian		Fassanian											239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian											242
				Pelsonian											243.8 *
				Bithynian											244.7 *
				Aegean											245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian											247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian		323.2
		Visean				Chesterian		330.9
						Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470						Fennian
			Whitlandian						471.1 *
			Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian	Tremadoc				Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc				Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian						489.5
			Aksaian						490.7 *
			Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †		497
			Ayusokkanian						Arcadian			498.4
												499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian						509
			Toyonian										510 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										514
			Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Atdabanian			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
															538.8