PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian				3
		Zanclean						Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian				13.82
								Clifdenian				15.1
							Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian				23.03
								Duntroonian				25.2
								Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
							Arnold	Runangan				34.6
								Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian				41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
								Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan				47.8
								Mangaorapan				48.9
								Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian				56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian						Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
								Mangaotanean				90.5
								Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan				93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
								Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan				100.5
								Urutawan				103.3
							Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian						Korangan				113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean					Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian					Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian	485.4
				Payntonian	486.8 *
				Payntonian	Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian	Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian	Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian		Idamean	Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan			Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian					499
		Drumian			Undillan					500.5
		Drumian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Topazan		Templetonian	Stage 5 †				504.5
			Delamaran		Templetonian					506.5
					Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Waucoban †	Ordian					509
										510.8 *
			Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8