PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian				Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian					3
		Zanclean								Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian					13.82
										Clifdenian					15.1
									Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian					23.03
										Duntroonian					25.2
										Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
									Arnold	Runangan					34.6
										Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian					41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
										Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan					47.8
										Mangaorapan					48.9
										Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian					56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian								Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
										Mangaotanean					90.5
										Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan					93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
										Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan					100.5
										Urutawan					103.3
									Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian								Korangan					113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian			470
				Whitlandian			471.1 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Datsonian	485.4
										Payntonian	486.8 *
										Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian			Albertian †	Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian		499
		Drumian									Undillan		500.5
		Drumian									Floran		503
		Wuliuan					Topazan				Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
							Delamaran				Templetonian			506.5
											Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †	Ordian			509
														510.8 *
							Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran							514
							Montezuman							514.8 *
							Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8