PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Central Paratethys Stages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian									7.246
				Serravallian		Sarmatian									11.63
				Serravallian		Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian				66
				Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Wordian			Noginskian								264.9 *
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
				Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian								283.5
				Artinskian			Rusavkinian								287.6 *
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		Mapingian †			298.9
				Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian								303.7
							Khamovnikian								304.8
							Krevyakinian								305.8 *
					305.9		Krevyakinian
				Moscovian	Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian		316.9 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
				Visean	Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
				Pragian			407.6
				Lochkovian			410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
				Aeronian			438.5
				Rhuddanian			440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
				Katian			445.2
				Sandbian			453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Dapingian		Middle Ordovician	467.3
	Early Ordovician		Floian	470
	Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
			Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian					509
			Stage 3	Branchian					514
			Stage 3	Placentian					517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Wonokan †	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	571.7 *
															635