PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene						3.6
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene						15.98
							Hemingfordian				16.3
							Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			27.82
							Whitneyan				29.5
							Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
				Priabonian	Late Eocene		Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			37
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Duchesnean	MP 16			37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan	MP 16			39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			46.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene		Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
							Wasatchian				50.5
							Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
				Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Tiffanian	MP 6			56.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian	Early Paleocene		Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian	Early Paleocene		Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						1000
		Ectasian						1200
		Calymmian						1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian						1600
		Orosirian						1800
		Rhyacian						2050
		Siderian						2300
Archean	Neoarchean							2500
	Mesoarchean							2800
	Paleoarchean							3200
	Eoarchean							3600
Hadean								4000
											4600