PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Calabrian							0.774
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Serravallian							11.63
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian						66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic						100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian							264.28
				Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
				Artinskian							283.5
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †			298.9
Kasimovian				303.7				Mapingian †
Kasimovian						305.9
Moscovian						307
Bashkirian						315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †		497
			Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian				509
			Stage 3		Branchian				514
			Stage 3		Placentian				517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean				4000
											4600