PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene	Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian								Late Miocene		7.246
				Serravallian								Middle Miocene		11.63
				Langhian								Middle Miocene		13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene		15.98
				Aquitanian								Early Miocene		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian						MP 16		Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian								66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic								100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian		Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan					150
									Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian					Warepan					208.5
									Otamitan					217
									Oretian					221
				Carnian					Oretian					227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian					Etalian					238
				Anisian					Etalian					242
				Anisian					Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian					249
				Induan					Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Buntsandstein		Makarewan					251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †				254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †				254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
			Wordian	Leine			Flettian		264.28
			Wordian	Leine			Barettian		266
			Roadian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian						273.01
			Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
														1400