PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean					0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean					0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	Late Pleistocene				0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean	Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian	Middle Pleistocene				0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian	Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan					1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene				3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian	Early Pliocene				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian					9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian	Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian					12.5
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene				15.98
							Hemingfordian					16.3
							Arikareean					18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
				Rupelian				Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			27.82
							Whitneyan					29.5
							Orellan					31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean	Middle Eocene	MP 16			37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan		MP 16			39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian	Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
							Wasatchian					50.5
							Clarkforkian					54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian	Late Paleocene	MP 6			56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene				60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian	Early Paleocene				61.6
				Danian			Puercan	Early Paleocene				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
												4600