PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean						0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean						0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	Late Pleistocene					0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian	Middle Pleistocene					0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian	Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan						1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene					3.6
				Zanclean		Hemphillian	Early Pliocene					4.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian		Clarendonian						9.4
				Serravallian		Clarendonian	Middle Miocene					11.63
				Serravallian		Barstovian						12.5
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene					15.98
						Hemingfordian						16.3
						Arikareean						18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
				Rupelian			Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
						Whitneyan						29.5
						Orellan						31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean	Middle Eocene	MP 16				37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan		MP 16				39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian	Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
						Wasatchian						50.5
						Clarkforkian						54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian	Late Paleocene	MP 6				56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene					60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian	Early Paleocene					61.6
				Danian		Puercan	Early Paleocene					63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian						307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian						323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian						330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						1000
		Ectasian						1200
		Calymmian						1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian						1600
		Orosirian						1800
		Rhyacian						2050
		Siderian						2300
Archean	Neoarchean							2500
	Mesoarchean							2800
	Paleoarchean							3200
	Eoarchean							3600
Hadean								4000
												4600