PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean								0.129
					Irvingtonian								0.21
				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian											0.774
					Blancan								1.4
				Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
				Opoitian	Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
					Clarendonian								9.4
			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian											11.63
					Barstovian								12.5
				Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
					Hemingfordian								16.3
					Arikareean								18.5
				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan					27.82
					Whitneyan								29.5
					Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
					Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Bortonian									39.1
					Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
					Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian				47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian								50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian								52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian			Gashatan					56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian			Gashatan					56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian			Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan			113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian			Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian				Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian					264.28
		Wordian								Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian					273.01
		Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian										283.5
							Longlinian					285.4 *
										Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian					Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian								Dorogomilovian		303.7
										Khamovnikian		304.8
										Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian							Myachkovian	307
									Podolskian	308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
													509