PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan														145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan														149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan														150
				Heterian														154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan														164.3
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan														176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan														184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran														188.9
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian														201.4
		Norian		Warepan														208.5
				Otamitan														217
				Oretian														221
		Carnian		Oretian														227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan														227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan														237
		Ladinian		Etalian														238
		Anisian		Etalian														242
		Anisian		Malakovian														246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian														247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian														249
		Induan		Nelsonian														251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan														251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan														251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian														253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian													Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan													Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian														259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
								305.9
		Moscovian						307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †									454.2 *
			Longvillian †										455.2 *
			Longvillian †									Aurelucian	456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									Aurelucian	457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn								Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		458.4
		Darriwilian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		461.3 *
		Dapingian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig								Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian		470
											Whitlandian		471.1 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian					477.7
			Tremadoc			Cressagian					480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian				509
		Stage 3									Branchian				514
		Stage 3									Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																		538.8