PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Permian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean			Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean						Yushean			Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean						Baodean			Early Pliocene			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian						Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian						Tunggurian			Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian						Shanwangian			Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian						Shanwangian			Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian							MP 16		Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian							MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan										150
				Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian		Warepan										208.5
				Otamitan										217
				Oretian										221
		Carnian		Oretian										227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian		Etalian										238
		Anisian		Etalian										242
		Anisian		Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Wordian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Wordian		266
		Roadian			Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian		Cathedralian						273.01
				Mangapirian			Cathedralian						276
							Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
				Telfordian									285
				Telfordian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian					300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian					303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian	330.9
		Visean						Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
														509