PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125929 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian								11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan						150
				Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian		Warepan						208.5
				Otamitan						217
				Oretian						221
		Carnian		Oretian						227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian		Etalian						238
		Anisian		Etalian						242
		Anisian		Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian						249
		Induan		Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan						251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian						253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan					Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian						259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
										509