PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									Jurassic 5				149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan													150
				Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan									Jurassic 2				184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran									Jurassic 2				188.9
		Sinemurian											Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian											Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Warepan													208.5
				Otamitan													217
				Oretian													221
		Carnian		Oretian									Triassic 3				227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									Triassic 3				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									Triassic 2				237
		Ladinian		Etalian													238
		Anisian		Etalian													242
		Anisian		Malakovian													246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian									Triassic 1				247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan			254.2
				Puruhauan			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian		Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		Urzhumian			266
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian	Permian 3		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2		273.01
				Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian			276
						Filipovian			276.5 *
						Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian			285
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
						Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1		293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian					Wych		Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian								Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian								Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian								Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian								Ordovician 1	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian				489.5
											Aksaian				490.7 *
											Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian			Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan			Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan		Early Cambrian						509
								Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
								Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			Cambrian 2					514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian								521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	Cambrian 1				529
																	538.8