PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian			Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
					Hemingfordian								16.3
					Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan					27.82
					Whitneyan								29.5
					Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian				Bumbanian				47.8
					Wasatchian								50.5
					Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian			Gashatan					56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian			Gashatan					56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian			Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan									150
				Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		Meishanian	Melekhovian				251.902
				Waiitian		Meishanian					253.2
						Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian					Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan		Laoshanian						254.2
				Puruhauan		Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian						264.28
							Noginskian					264.9 *
				Barettian								266
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian						273.01
				Mangapirian								276
							Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian										283.5
				Telfordian								285
						Longlinian			285.4 *
							Rusavkinian		287.6 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian				Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean				Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
													509