PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Permian 4				251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	Permian 3				266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2				273.01
								Filipovian					276.5 *
								Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1	293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian				489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian			Cambrian 4	Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan						509
						Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian			Cambrian 2			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		Cambrian 1			529
													538.8