PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Australia	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian							Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian									3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian									5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian									7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian									8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian									11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian									13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian									15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian									20
		Aquitanian	Agenian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian				Wordian						264.28
		Roadian				Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian					Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
		Paibian		Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Series 3 †			497
				Mindyallan				Arcadian		498.4
				Boomerangian						499
		Drumian		Undillan						500.5
		Drumian		Floran						503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian						Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	Branchian						509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
		Stage 3			Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8