PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean							0.129
						Irvingtonian							0.21
					Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian											0.774
						Blancan							1.4
					Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian						Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian								3
		Zanclean			Waipipian								3.6
					Opoitian								3.7
					Opoitian	Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian	Pannonian										7.246
						Clarendonian							9.4
				Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Sarmatian										11.63
			Sarmatian			Barstovian							12.5
			Badenian										12.8 *
			Badenian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
					Clifdenian								15.1
				Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
						Hemingfordian							16.3
						Arikareean							18.5
					Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
					Duntroonian								25.2
					Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian							Kekeamuan				27.82
						Whitneyan							29.5
						Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Arnold	Runangan								34.6
					Kaiatan								36.7
						Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
					Bortonian								39.1
						Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian											41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
					Heretaungan								45.7
						Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian			47.8
					Mangaorapan								48.9
					Mangaorapan	Wasatchian							50.5
					Waipawan	Wasatchian							52
					Waipawan	Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	Clarkforkian			Gashatan				56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian			Gashatan				56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian				Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian					Melekhovian			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian								Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian									264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian				264.9 *
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian										283.5
			Longlinian									285.4 *
								Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian									298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian				303.7
								Khamovnikian				304.8
								Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean				Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
													509