PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1		Vokhmian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1		Vokhmian				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4						251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2						273.01
				Filipovian							276.5 *
				Saraninian							280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1	293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4			Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1					529
											538.8