PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Sheridanian									0.0117
		Chibanian			Sheridanian									0.129
					Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian												0.774
					Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean							Waipipian					3.6
									Opoitian					3.7
					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Opoitian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									9.4
								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian												11.63
					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
									Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
						Monroecreekian								23.1 *
						Geringian								24.7 *
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian												29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
														37
		Bartonian												37.71
									Bortonian					39.1
					Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian												41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian												47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Mangaorapan					50.5
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Waipawan					52
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Waipawan					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Teurian					56
		Thanetian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							56.2
		Selandian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							59.2
		Selandian					To3/To2/To1							60.9
		Danian					To3/To2/To1							61.6
		Danian					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	72.1						Haumurian
		Santonian	Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
				Mangaotanean				90.5
				Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan				93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
				Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				100.5
				Urutawan				103.3
			Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian		Korangan				113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian		Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian		Povolzhian	Roadian		266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian		Sokian	Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian		Cathedralian		273.01
								Filipovian					276.5 *
								Saraninian					280.1 *
								Saraninian			Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian		Sarginian					283.5
								Irginian					285.9 *
								Irginian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian		286.1 *
								Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian		Shikhanian			Nealian		293.52
								Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
														509