PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		Vokhmian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1		Vokhmian				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7			Carboniferous 5
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian				427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian				429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4			Series 3 †		497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1					529
												538.8