PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of England		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian					7.246
				Serravallian							Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian				259.51
				Wordian								Wordian				264.28
				Roadian								Roadian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
				Kungurian									Hessian			281.9 *
				Artinskian									Hessian			283.5
				Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
				Sakmarian									Lenoxian			290.1
				Asselian									Nealian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
				Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
				Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian						307
				Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian						323.2
Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			443.8
			Katian		Bolindian			445.2
					Eastonian			449 *
					Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
					Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635