PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian											0.0117
		Chibanian		Sheridanian											0.129
				Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
								Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian													0.774
				Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
								Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian					Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian							3
		Zanclean						Waipipian							3.6
								Opoitian							3.7
				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Opoitian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											9.4
							Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian													11.63
				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
								Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian							13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian											16.3
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
								Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
					Monroecreekian										23.1 *
					Geringian										24.7 *
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian													29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
															37
		Bartonian													37.71
								Bortonian							39.1
				Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian													41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
								Heretaungan							45.7
				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian													47.8
								Mangaorapan							48.9
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Mangaorapan							50.5
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Waipawan							52
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Waipawan							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Teurian							56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1									61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian				Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic					Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian						Korangan	113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian				Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian				Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			Kazanian				Povolzhian	Roadian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian				Sokian	Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian				Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian		Cathedralian		273.01
									Filipovian					276.5 *
									Saraninian					280.1 *
									Saraninian			Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian				Sarginian					283.5
									Irginian					285.9 *
									Irginian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian		286.1 *
									Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian				Shikhanian			Nealian		293.52
									Uskalykian					294.8
				Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
															509