PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian			Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian					3
		Zanclean					Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian					41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan					47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian					Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean					90.5
							Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan					93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
							Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan					100.5
							Urutawan					103.3
						Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian					Korangan					113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Wordian		Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
									Filipovian		276.5 *
									Saraninian		280.1 *
					Hessian				Saraninian		281.9 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian		283.5
									Irginian		285.9 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Irginian		286.1 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Nealian	Asselian			Shikhanian		293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian				Series 3 †			497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8