PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian													0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian													0.129
				Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan													0.21
				Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan													0.774
				Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian													1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean														3.6
				Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian													4.7
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian											Pannonian			7.246
				Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian										Pannonian			9.4
				Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian										Sarmatian			11.63
					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian										Sarmatian			12.5
															Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian													16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian												18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
						Monroecreekian												23.1 *
						Geringian												24.7 *
				Rupelian		Geringian												27.82
				Rupelian														29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian													33.9
				Priabonian														37
				Bartonian														37.71
				Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan													39.7
				Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan													41.2
				Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian													46.2
				Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian													47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean													50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1											56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1											59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1											60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1											61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1											63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
Norian				208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian	Wordian					264.28
			Roadian	Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian					Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian					Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian							298.9
			Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian							303.7
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian							307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian							323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian							330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle					Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle					Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood					423
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas					426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas					427.4
			Homerian		Wych	Woolhope					428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian				Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				Marjumian						500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan	Stage 5 †					504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran	Stage 5 †					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
			Stage 4				Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3				Dyeran						514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean						519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635