PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Silurian of England		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian														0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian														0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan														0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan														0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †													1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean													Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan														2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan														3.6
					Montehermosan														3.7 *
					Huayquerian														4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian											Pannonian				7.246
					Chasicoan														7.9 *
					Mayoan														9.9 *
					Laventan														10.9 *
				Serravallian											Sarmatian				11.63
															Badenian				12.8 *
					Colloncuran										Badenian				13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran														13.82
				Langhian	Friasian														15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian														15.98
					Santacrucian														16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian														17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian														20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan														20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican														28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican														33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan														35.9 *
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan														41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan														47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran														47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican														56
					Itaboraian														56.9 *
					Peligran														58.9 *
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan														62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian	Wordian			264.28
			Roadian	Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
			Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian					307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian					323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian					330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian						Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian						Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
			Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian							Pirgu		445.2
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
										Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg				477.7
										Varangu				481.3 *
										Pakerort				482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort				485.4
														486.3 *
									486.5
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Wonokan †	571.7 *							Vendian †
																			635