International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Devonian of France | Ordovician of Australia | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | 2.58 | |||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | |||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
| Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
| Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
| Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
| Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||
| Frasnian | Devonian 4 | Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||
| Eifelian | Couvinien | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Coblencien | 408.2 * | ||||||||||
| Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | Bolindian | 443.8 | ||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||
| Eastonian | 449 * | ||||||||||
| Gisbornian | 452 * | ||||||||||
| Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||||
| Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | Yapeenian | 467.3 | ||||||||
| Castlemainian | 468.5 * | ||||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | Chewtonian | 470 | ||||||||
| Bendigonian | 471.8 * | ||||||||||
| Lancefieldian | 473.5 * | ||||||||||
| Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Warendian | 482.8 * | ||||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | |||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Series 3 † | 497 | |||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||
| Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | ||||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | |||||||||
| Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | |||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||
| Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||
| 538.8 | |||||||||||