PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125938 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								11.63
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan					150
								Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian				Warepan					208.5
								Otamitan					217
								Oretian					221
				Carnian	Triassic 3			Oretian					227
				Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian				Etalian					238
				Anisian				Etalian					242
				Anisian				Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian					249
Induan				251.2				Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian				Flettian		264.28
							Barettian		266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian	Permian 3				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kubergandian				273.01
					Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
					Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
							Telfordian		285
					Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
					Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
													4600