PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126165 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian							Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian								3
		Zanclean				Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan					Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan					Pannonian			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Sarmatian			11.63
											Badenian			12.8 *
						Lillburnian					Badenian			13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian								56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan								100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan								113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Oteke		Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Oteke		Puaroan	149.2
					Kawhia		Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi		Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour		Otapirian	201.4
		Norian					Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore		Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian					Etalian	238
		Anisian					Etalian	242
		Anisian					Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
		Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan			DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian					Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian					Flettian		264.28
		Wordian					Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Chesterian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Chesterian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
									Meramecian		335.8 *
									Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10				Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
														538.8