PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3												37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan				150
											Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian									Warepan				208.5
											Otamitan				217
											Oretian				221
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian									Etalian				238
		Anisian									Etalian				242
		Anisian									Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
		Induan		251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
										Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
										Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian								Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
									Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
											Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								Jaani	433.4
											Adavere	434 *
												436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
									Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
											Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian									Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian									Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Bolindian		443.8
		Katian									Bolindian		445.2
											Eastonian		449 *
											Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian									Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Chewtonian		470
											Bendigonian		471.8 *
											Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
															538.8