PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3										174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2										184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4										208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Buntsandstein						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein				Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller						259.51
		Wordian					Leine						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2										273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Huashibanian		318.5 *
				Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Bolindian		443.8
		Katian				Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian						Paibian		494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Duyunian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Jinnigian				530.7
													538.8